French lieutenants woman

French lieutenants woman The French lieutenants woman The setting throughout the novel is predominantly Victorian. Most of the novels action takes place at Lyme Regis, Dorset and England. Lyme Regis was one of many small villages in southwest England scattered along the coast. It consisted largely of small houses surrounded by hills on one side and the sea on the other. The Cobb was built along the shore and it is a promenade where people could enjoy the sea air while taking a walk. A section of the hills, known as the Ware Commons, was a meeting ground for most young couples and where Charles and Sarah met each other clandestinely. Lymes community was close-knit and provincial. Unlike the larger metropolitan areas such as London, here people upheld the prevailing social norms. Unconventional behavior is seen as an aberration and often times a sign of mental illness. The repressive norms and the peoples insensitive attitude towards Sarah succeed in driving her to Exeter. In the nineteenth century, Exeter served the same purpose as London does today. Exeter was notorious for providing all sorts of wicked entertainment. Brothels, dance halls and gin palaces thrived there. It served as a haven for shamed girls and women, namely unmarried mothers and mistresses who were victims of sexual abuse or social rejects. Due to its scandalous reputation, many upstanding English kept their distance from such like these places. Social norms were virtually non-existent. For a brief moment the action shifts to London where Charles signs his statement of guilt. It is also here that Charles and Sarah meet, after a two-year separation, at the Rossetti residence. The action tends to move back and forth between the Victorian and the modern age as Fowles tends to make intrusive comments about the past and the present. He has deliberately recreated a Victorian world so that he can criticize those aspects of the Victorian era that would seem alien to a modern reader. It is interesting to note the different social conditions prevalent in these places and their effects on individuals. In this novel, Fowles is interested in the literary genre of the nineteenth-century romantic or gothic novel and succeeds in reproducing typical Victorian characters, situations and dialogue. But Fowles perception of the genre is touched with typical twentieth-century irony. His thematic concerns range from the relationship between life and art and the artist and his creation to the isolation that results from an individual struggling for selfhood. Fowles aim is to bring to light those aspects of Victorian society that would appear most foreign to contemporary readers. Victorian attitudes towards women, economics, science and philosophy are tackled as minor themes within the main plot. Both women and the working-class are two groups that are revealed as being oppressed both economically and socially in a society that inhibits mobility for anyone who is not middle or upper-class and male. These are the social issues that Fowles explores within the guise of a traditional romance. The general mood throughout the novel is somber and turbulent. From the initial chapter, the mood is set. A strong easterly wind is blowing and a storm is coming in. It is in such a setting that Charles and Sarah meet. The atmosphere suits Sarahs enigmatic personality. Throughout the novel, she is presented as a dark, mysterious and intriguing figure. The reader are unconsciously aware that the lovers, Charles and Sarah, are doomed from the beginning. In several sections, the mood changes to one of irony and realistic recording of details. Fowles tends to comment on several unknown aspects of the Victorian era (e.g. prostitution) in an ironically realistic manner. Until today, the Victorian Age was seen to be a Golden Age where Reason and Rationality were proclaimed as dogma and faith. People were beginning to question the claims that religion made about the existence of God and the beginning of man. Anything that could not be proven through experimentation and science was immediately treated with suspicion. With Charles Darwins The Origin of Species (1859) the biblical myth of Adam and Eve and the origins of man were shattered. Darwins work created quite an uproar as it succeeded it in shattering the Victorian peoples unquestioning religious faith. The narrator opens the The French Lieutenants Woman with background information on Lyme Regis, where the story is initially set. After that he introduces Charles Smithson, a thirty-two-year-old gentleman and his young fiancee, Ernestina Freeman. Charles Smithson is a male protagonist of the novel. He is a wealthy Victorian gentlemen and heir to a title. He is interested in Darwin and paleontology and considers himself to be intellectually superior to other Victorian men, as he is one of the few who holds scientifically advanced ideas. He is engaged to Ernestina Freeman but he is attracted to the mysterious Miss Woodruff. He is unhappy with the way his life is unfolding, yet he is extremely sensitive and intelligent. He is an insecure man constantly analyzing his life. Ernestina Freeman is Charles fiancà ©e. She is pretty, coy and intelligent, but at times she tends to reveal her youth and naivete. She likes to think of herself as a modern woman but her attitudes are similar to most of the young Victorian women who behaved in a proper manner. She is Aunt Tranters niece and she is vacationing in Lyme when the story begins. Aunt Tranter is Ernestinas mothers sister. She is a kind woman who is loved by her domestic staff because she treats people with respect. She offers to help Sarah when the rest of the town rejects her. Aunt Tranter is an honest woman and lacks hypocrisy of any sort. The action begins in 1867, but the narrator often breaks into the narrative, noting that the story is being related in the twentieth century. He does this initially by comparing the Cobb to a contemporary Henry Moore sculpture. The novel starts with Charles and Tinas walk, which is interrupted by the presence of a woman in a dark cape, standing alone at the end of the Cobb, staring out to sea. Tina explains to a curious Charles what she has heard about the woman, known as Tragedy and the French lieutenants woman, and her status as a social outcast. Rumors suggest that Sarah Woodruff was seduced and abandoned by a French naval officer who was shipwrecked off the coast. As she nursed him back to health, he reportedly made promises to her that he will return back to Lyme and marry her. Destitute and rejected by most of the Lyme Regis society, Sarah is taken in by the pious Mrs. Poulteney, who plans to save the young woman in order to assure her own status as a worthy Christian. Mrs. Poulteney is a a cruel old woman, who takes great delight in harassing her domestic staff. Her temperament is exactly opposite to that of Mrs. Tranters. She believes herself to be an upholder of Christian virtues yet in reality, she is a hypocrite who reluctantly helps people only out of a show of charity. Sarah in employed by her in the position of a companion. She succeeds in making Sarahs life miserable by constantly reminding her that she is an outcast. After that Charles has seen Sarah Woodruff at shores while he was walking with Ernestina, the next day, he, whose hobby is paleontology, walks through the Undercliff searching for fossils while Tina visits her Aunt Tranter. During his walk, Charles comes across Sarah sleeping in a clearing. She awakens with a start, and, after apologizing for disturbing her, Charles departs. In this moment he does not understand himself that why he was staring and watching at her. Those few seconds appeared for him for a long time, and he did not want to go away from that secret place. His departure was because of Sarahs awakening. In my opinion Charles was scared of himself, because he had a specific feeling when he was looking at Sarah. In this scene we can feel that something has changed in Charles or just start changing inside his soul. The narrator notes Charless growing obsession with the mysterious Sarah. After stopping at a farmhouse to refresh himself, Charles again sees Sarah on the path. She rejects his offer to escort her home and implores him to tell no one that she has been walking there, an activity that Mrs. Poulteney has forbidden her. The next day, during a visit to Mrs. Poulteneys, Sarah silently observes Charles and Aunt Tranters support of the relationship between Sam and Mary. Mary is the maid in Aunt Tranters house. She is a free-spirited, down-to-earth soul. Sam Farrow, Charles man-servant falls in love with her. He is not content with his present status and wants to climb the social ladder. He is ambitious and he is determined to secure his future with Mary even if he has to blackmail Charles. Charles assumes that he has made a connection with Sarah at the visiting, but the next time their paths cross on the Undercliff, she rebuffs his efforts to help her escape Mrs. Poulteneys control. When she insists that she cannot leave the area, Charles assumes that her feelings for the French lieutenant are the cause. After she admits that the lieutenant has married, her mystery deepens for Charles. Charless curiosity concerning Sarah causes him to think about the comparatively one-dimensional Tina and his own needs and desires. During another walk, Sarah finds him, presents him with two fossils, and begs him to hear her story. After determining that listening to Sarah would be a kind act and a useful study of human nature, Charles agrees to meet with her. Sarah admits that Lieutenant Varguennes proposed marriage and seduced her, even though she knew he was not an honorable man. The shame that she has embraced as a result has enabled her to separate herself from a society that would not accept her, due to her common birth. Her education had awakened her to the inequities of social class and gender, and thus her status as an outcast prevents her from having to conform to conventional roles. During their conversation, Sam and Mary appear, and Sarah and Charles hide themselves. As she watches Sam and Mary embrace, Sarah turns to Charles and smiles. Charles, noticeably disconcerted at Sarahs open expression of her interest in him, abruptly leaves. While I was reading this part of the novel, I did not understand that why Sarahs attitude has changed. At the beginning she rejected Charless help and did not want to talk to him. But everything has changed in this part. In my opinion it is because of Charles. Sarah observed him and realized that he is a real gentleman who has travelled a lot all over the Europe, he has seen several and different cultures, so he is not only a knowledgeable man, but also sensitive and smart. All these reasons lead to the Sarahs claim. She needs a person who can not only help her but also understand and feel with her. In this case we can say that Sarah is innocent woman, who needs help and a considerate person, but also we may think that she only wants to exploit Charles and organize her life with his help. Charles discovers that he is in danger of losing his inheritance and title, which causes tensions with Tina. He later asks his old friend Dr. Grogan to advise him about his relationship with Sarah, who has just been thrown out of Mrs. Poulteneys home for disobeying her orders. Dr. Grogan is an intelligent, friendly man who befriends Charles. The younger man finds him to be a sympathetic listener. Dr. Grogan empathizes with Sarah but finds her behavior too outrageous to be taken seriously. He is refreshingly unconventional in his views for a Victorian although he belongs more to an earlier age that was more liberal in many ways. Dr. Grogan rightly guesses that Sarah engineered this dismissal so that Charles would come to her rescue. Dr. Grogan sympathizes with her situation but believes that Sarah wants Charles constant attention. He diagnoses her condition as a mental illness called melancholia and wants to get her institutionalized. Charles, however, chooses not to follow Grogans advice to stay away from her and meets her the next day on the Undercliff. Charles breaks off an embrace and rushes off, but not before he stumbles upon Sam and Mary who have seen them together. The two servants promise not to tell anyone of the meeting. Meanwhile, Sarah has come to depend on Charles who is himself going through a change. He is beginning to question his ages conventions and questioning himself. He urges Sarah to leave Lyme and go to Exeter where she will have more freedom to live an unconventional life. Sarah takes his advice but Charles cannot forget her. At the same time, he feels guilty for even thinking about her. He does not love Ernestina and is marrying her solely for her wealth. He thinks their relationship is nothing more than a facade. The Victorian society imposed a great deal of repressive conventions and norms on its people, especially women and the working class. Victorian women were socially conditioned to believe that their rightful place was at home with their husbands and children. A Victorian woman was expected to accept the patriarchal norm unhesitatingly. Her duty was to her husband and children. Only if she toed this social line would she be deemed a proper young Victorian lady. The institution of marriage was often a contract agreement. Money often married into a titled family as in Charles and Ernestinas case, thereby reinforcing the dominant societys power. Money and nobility were often the main criteria for a Victorian marriage. The practice of prostitution was a topic that Victorian archivists rarely touched upon. Most historians up until recently thought that the Victorian age was known for its virtuous and pure qualities yet Fowles novel reveals that even during the Age of Propriety prostitution flourished and consequently women were often victims of sexual abuse or social rejects. By giving prostitutes a mention in his novel, Fowles is attempting to be realistic about their situation. He is obviously concerned about the role of women in Victorian England and societys treatment of them. As is apparent women of all classes right from the aristocracy to the prostitutes were exploited by society which was largely patriarchal and this practice continues even today. Fowles constantly interrupts the narrative by making authorial comments with a twentieth century perspective. The narrative action digresses back and forth from the Victorian Age to the twentieth century in time. Fowles is writing a novel set in the nineteenth-century romantic literary genre but with a twentieth century perspective. Charles finds the prospect of living a life as a dutiful husband and son-in-law unappealing. He wants to have a more meaningful life, unrestricted by traditions. After that Sarah has moved to Exeter, aided by money Charles has given her, Charles tries to direct his thoughts to his engagement with Tina, but feels as if he is being trapped by her father who wants him to become his business partner. He is tempted to go to Sarah in Exeter but instead returns to Tina. The narrator provides the first of three endings here. Charles and Tina marry, along with Sam and Mary, and both couples prosper in a contrived Victorian conclusion. Immediately, however, the narrator insists that this ending is only what has taken place in Charless imagination. Charles does in fact go to Exeter to see Sarah, who seduces him. Charles discovers that she had not been intimate with the French lieutenant. After returning to his hotel, he writes to Sarah of his plans to marry her, but Sam intercepts the letter. After breaking off his engagement with Tina the next day, Charles returns to Exeter but finds that Sarah has disappeared. Charles hires private investigators to find Sarah and departs for America. While he was touring America, he receives word that Sarah has been found. He hurries back to England and finds Sarah living with the Rossettis. She has changed drastically, and Charles finds this difficult to accept. Sarah greets Charles at Gabriel Rosettis home and explains that she has been working as the painters model and secretary. Charles is shocked at how easily Sarah has fit into the scandalous Pre-Raphaelite group. After Sarah insists that she will never marry and Charles prepares to leave. When Sarah introduces him to their daughter, Lalage, however, the three embrace, suggesting that they will become a true family. It is a conventional ending, which ends happily, but there is another one ending, which is unconventional. The narrator then reappears, sets his watch back fifteen minutes, and provides the last conclusion to the story. Sarah reasserts her decision not to marry but suggests the two might remain friends and lovers. Charles rejects her offer and leaves, devastated and alone. The first element that must fade into the background is Charless love for Sarah, which has become quite evident by his actions in the novel and by the narrators statement in the first ending, Behind all his rage stood the knowledge that he loved her still. When, however, in the contemporary ending, Charles recognizes the reality of the arrangement Sarah offers him, he chooses his freedom and dignity over his love for her, recognizing that if he stayed, he would become the secret butt of this corrupt house, the starched soupirant, the pet donkey. As a result, he feels his own true superiority to her which was . . . an ability to give that was also an inability to compromise. She could give only to possess; and to possess him. Although his decision to leave tosses him metaphorically out upon the unplumbd, salt, estranging sea, his experience has enabled him to discover a firm trust in his own character and abilities. Sarahs love for Charles, another element of the first ending, is not quite as evident in the text. Sarah admits, in her own words, that she is not to be understood, a valid statement since neither Charles nor the reader is privy to her thoughts. Yet while the motivations for her behavior remain enigmatic, she ultimately cannot deny her feelings. When Charles entreats her to admit that she never had loved him, she replies, I could not say that. The reality of Sarahs love for Charles can be plausibly neglected in the second ending when Sarah realizes her wish that she had earlier expressed to Charles. She explains, I do not want to share my life. I wish to be what I am, not what a husband, however kind, however indulgent, must expect me to become in marriage. Thus Sarah gains her freedom, but her final reaction to this condition is unclear; from the narrators ironic vantage point, Sarah is too far away for him to see whether or not there are tears in her eyes. I believe that in every women there is a power, which they can use it in two ways: in a right way and in a wrong way. Not all women can discover it inside their souls, it needs capacity and ability. In a conventional ending, I think Sarah used it in a right way because everything ended happily. In the unconventional ending Sarah in my opinion used it in a wrong way because she trapped Charles and exploit him and ruined his life. If she had wanted to be with him, she would not have gone away from Exeter. I think she could wait for him and everything would be all right, but she did not do that. It explains everything: her behavior, her thoughts and her uttered words. There are women, who uses their power to do good things, to change our world and make it better. By coming together to support each others goals and dreams, women not only enhance their own lives, they empower others. The true Power of Women is that we have within us the power to change the world.

Micheal Jackson

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) in Gary, Indiana, U. S. was an American singer. He was the 7th of nine children in the family. He went Gardner Elementary School in California 1969 to study, then he was home schooled. By the early 1960s, his brother had begun performing around the city; by 1964, Michael and Marlon had joined in the band called The Jackson 5.In his life, he had contributed to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for many year. Micheal Jackson Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. Michael began his musical career at the age of 5. In 1964, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine.Jackson later began performing backup vocals and dancing. When he was eight, Jackson began sharing the lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to The Jackson 5. In these early years the Jackson 5, Jackie, Jermaine, Tito, Marlon and lead singer Michael played local clubs and bars in Gary Indiana. Soon he will be discover by the world. In Micheal Jackson life, there are many thing made him famous.. In his carrer, there are many thing made him famous.He won seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards thank the ablum called the Thriller released in late 1982, which was 1983's best-selling album worldwide. On March 25, 1983, Michael Jackson reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance which was taped for a Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. It is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of â€Å"Billie Jean† which gave him his first Emmy nomination. In the show, he performed â€Å"The Moonwalk† that made his famous in his carrer and show.Beside his carrer he had time for other things. Michael like d to read books. He had more than 10,000 books in his Neverland library. He enjoyed helping other people especially ill children because he didn't have a normal childhood. He gave more than 500 million dollars to more than 40 charities with different causes. He liked shopping, traveling, arts, rare collections, music, climbing trees, animals. Even through he gone, he still an idol to everyone and will remenber forever. Micheal Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) in Gary, Indiana, U. S. was an American singer. He was the 7th of nine children in the family. He went Gardner Elementary School in California 1969 to study, then he was home schooled. By the early 1960s, his brother had begun performing around the city; by 1964, Michael and Marlon had joined in the band called The Jackson 5.In his life, he had contributed to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for many year. Micheal Jackson Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. Michael began his musical career at the age of 5. In 1964, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine.Jackson later began performing backup vocals and dancing. When he was eight, Jackson began sharing the lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to The Jackson 5. In these early years the Jackson 5, Jackie, Jermaine, Tito, Marlon and lead singer Michael played local clubs and bars in Gary Indiana. Soon he will be discover by the world. In Micheal Jackson life, there are many thing made him famous.. In his carrer, there are many thing made him famous.He won seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards thank the ablum called the Thriller released in late 1982, which was 1983's best-selling album worldwide. On March 25, 1983, Michael Jackson reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance which was taped for a Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. It is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of â€Å"Billie Jean† which gave him his first Emmy nomination. In the show, he performed â€Å"The Moonwalk† that made his famous in his carrer and show.Beside his carrer he had time for other things. Michael like d to read books. He had more than 10,000 books in his Neverland library. He enjoyed helping other people especially ill children because he didn't have a normal childhood. He gave more than 500 million dollars to more than 40 charities with different causes. He liked shopping, traveling, arts, rare collections, music, climbing trees, animals. Even through he gone, he still an idol to everyone and will remenber forever.

The Legacy Of The Philippines - 1359 Words

The Philippines is one of many third world countries, and my family had fled this poverty ridden nation to start anew in the United States. My family, on my mother’s side, began to emigrate here to the U.S. from the Philippines in the 1980s, during Ronald Reagan’s presidency. My aunt and uncle immigrated in the year 1980 on for my grandfather’s funeral, while my grandmother was petitioned and came in 1985, but my mother did not come to the U.S. until the year 1992. The Philippine government is extremely corrupt, and been overrun and ruled by the dictatorship of the Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos for 15 years. My family had left the Philippines in hopes of improving their livelihood and experiences the opportunities that America could offer, such as better education, work, and wages. However, my family had entered the U.S. nearly penniless and had to strive earnestly to achieve a proper living. Unfortunately, they had also entered the U.S. during Ronald Rea gan’s presidency and his economic policies of â€Å"Reaganomics† which was meant to reinvigorate the American economy. Disastrously, â€Å"Reaganomics† only exacerbated the American economy and was a total failure. â€Å"Reaganomics† gave more money and power to the already wealthy through supply-side economics, trickle-down economics, and deregulation while completely ignoring the poor such as my own family who suffered great hardships. Ronald Reagan is one of the oldest presidents when he entered the presidency at age 69 andShow MoreRelatedThe Philippine News Media Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesThe Philippine news media today is at a state where they seem to be more and more fearless on their commentary and more vigilant in their society. 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The Federal Legal Drinking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2035 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Teenage Drinking Essay Did you like this example? The federal legal drinking age in the United States has been 21 since a 1984 legislation by Congress. This legislation was passed by raising the age from 18, and the arguments for this legislation were that among people under the age of 21, the following issues would decrease: death from suicide, car accidents, falls, and drowning. Other issues of concern relative to drinking in this age group are alcohol dependence, binge drinking, sexual assault and violent crimes, alcohol poisoning, and slower brain development. Approximately 5,000 people below the age of 21 die in alcohol-related incidents yearly, and there are many thousands of emergency room visits a year in this same age group due to drinking. Binge drinking is generally the architect in these situations, with upwards of 90% of the alcohol imbibed is during this act (CDC, 2017). Also linked with binge drinking are violent crimes and sexual assault that can occur when a minor has had too much. Inhibitions and clear thinking decrease, leading to circumstances where morality is less of a factor than it would be normally. The simple truth of right and wrong become hazy, and this is when good decision- making becomes impaired (Ghillyer, 2018 p. 6). The reasoning for the legislation was also to give young adults the chance to obtain what our society has deemed as the normal goals upon achieving adulthood. The brain doesnt fully mature until the age of 25, and alcohol can slow down or impair that growth. Achieving its full potential would be hindered. School performance and attendance tends to falter. Consumption also can lead to dependence later in life. Problems reaching goals such as marriage, employment, and financial independence can result (Buddy, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Federal Legal Drinking" essay for you Create order The current age at which a person can enlist in the military is 18; or 17 with parental consent. This commitment is a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 6, dependent upon the rate (training), that the enlistee elects to undergo. After basic training, they attend advanced training in their specialty, and upon graduation they can be stationed anywhere in the world, including combat zones. This equates to possibly being deployed in a war zone at the age of 18. As the federal minimum drinking age is 21, this applies to the military also. Exceptions to that law are when stationed in a host country that allows drinking at a lower age, the base commander can elect to allow his subordinates the same right, at their discretion. In the early 1990s, when stationed in the United States within 50 miles of the Canadian or Mexican borders, soldiers could drink at 18; this was to prevent them travelling into the neighboring country and getting into worse trouble (Dieterle Rizer, 2017). This is no longer a policy that the armed forces practices. Depending on where you are stationed and the discretion of the base commander, determines the underage drinking rules. If a person volunteers for service, possibly putting themselves in harms way for their country, does that not show enough maturity to allow them to consume alcohol before they are 21? Discussion When a person joins the military, its very different than starting a new job or going off to college. The time commitment is just that, a set amount of time that is mandatory unless extreme events prevent further service; you cannot just give 2-weeks notice and search for employment elsewhere. The place your stationed also isnt your choice, unlike selecting your school or where you choose to work. You can be away from family and friends for many months, with no option of vacation to visit. Constitutional rights concerning search and seizure and privacy rights are diminished affording less protection to a member of the military (Staff, 2018). The term military service means serving your country and making sacrifices to provide that service. When a person not serving breaks the law by consuming or possessing alcohol, they generally receive a fine and/or community service. In Iowa, a first offense is a $200 fine, with that increasing to $500 for a third offense and the suspension of a drivers license for up to 1 year (N.A., 2018). The military has its own set of codes and punishments under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The punishment for underage drinking can include all, part, or a combination of restriction to base for up to 45 days, extra duty for not more than 14 days, reduction in rank, loss of 50% base pay for up to 2 months. If an enlistee is the lowest rank of E-1, that amount approaches $1500 (Karns, 2018). If the offense is committed off-base, they will face these consequences on top of the civil fines. Consequently, our military under the age of 21 cannot legally drink and faces stiff fines and punishment. How does this make sense when we train them to fight our wars with weapons that can cause massive damage? This does not make any sense to me when in the past, our armed services were able to drink, and I cant remember, nor have I read in the history books, where a drunk soldier went on a rampage of death and destruction. If anything, their training helps them to handle circumstances they cant control, and often act with courage and integrity. Interviews In order to gain a larger picture of how different people of diverse ages and backgrounds view this dilemma, I conducted an interview. The following question is what I ask all the participants, their answers, and my thoughts on their replies. What are your views on a military member having the right to consume alcohol if they are under the age of 21? 1. Autumn McClintock, 13 years old, replied: I dont believe anyone should be able to drink if they are in war. If the enemy attacks they might be drunk and not able to fight back. Also, its never a good idea to mix guns and alcohol. If they arent in war, even if they are underage, they should be allowed 1 or 2 drinks, but only if they are in the military. McClintock, A. (2018, November 9). Personal interview. This surprised me a little bit as I didnt expect my daughter to have these views. SADD and zero-tolerance policies are heavily indoctrinated into them in this school district. Her idea that this type of service should enjoy a limited privilege was unexpected. 2. Jimmy Hunter, local police officer, replied: Being a police officer, I deal with this situation quite often. Marion is a zero-tolerance town for underage drinking, but each situation is unique. Underage is underage, and the law is clear, but we do have some flexibility in dealing with first offenses and situations where no real harm is being done. There are times where I have the alcohol poured out and then they must get home responsibly, either by a sober friend or taxi. When it comes to the military, I believe if the possibility is there that a person might make the ultimate sacrifice, they are generally mature enough to drink responsibly, and should be allowed to do so. Hunter, J (2018, November 10). Phone interview. This was the response I expected as most people in law enforcement identify with the military and believe that the training and sacrifice instills a responsible level of maturity. His message was more pointed towards being smart about it and behaving appropriately. 3. Laure Stoffel, naturalized U.S citizen from France, replied: We can legally drink wine and beer at 16, and liquors at 18 in France. Drinking wine when younger at restaurants is overlooked if you are with your parents. This is just our way of life. I think Americans are generally to uptight when it comes to these things. I think responsible drinking should be allowed to everyone at 16 or 18, regardless of being in the army. Stoffel, L. (2018, November 12). Personal interview. Again, this was the response I expected as Europeans are more liberal when it comes to alcohol consumption, most likely due to their exposure and culture. 4. Kimberly Starry, high school teacher, replied: Thats a tough one, but working with young people every day, I dont believe that people under the age of 21 are developed enough to drink responsibly. I hear horror stories from colleagues working at universities of students coming to class drunk, or not coming at all after a weekend of binge drinking. They just dont know when they have had enough and being in the military doesnt necessarily change that. Starry, K. (2018, November 8). E-mail. This response also surprised me a little as I feel that teachers are exposed to more diversity and different morals than most people through their students, and my assumption was different than her answer. I expected something along the lines of a mandatory class on drinking responsibly be taken by the service members to earn the privilege. 5. Mike Saunders, Vietnam Veteran, replied: When I was in the service many years ago the drinking age was 18. Also, at that time your buddies looked out for you, not saying that doesnt happen today, but that was a different era, and while the camaraderie is there, I dont know if its the same. Maybe just old-fashioned ideas, not sure, but that shouldnt matter. Military life can be stressful enough, add combat into that and you must be able to blow off steam somehow. I didnt volunteer, I was drafted, and I know its voluntary now, but if youre willing to die for your country, youre d*** sure old enough to have a drink. Saunders, M. (2018, November 12). Phone interview. Being formal military, this is in line with what I thought the reply would be. His alluding to the camaraderie of the past interested me; we still had a sense of camaraderie, but I dont feel to the same level. He keeps in touch with everyone alive from his unit. I do keep in touch with a few of mine, but not all. 6. Victoria Fejfar,University of Iowa senior, replied: I believe all people 18 or older should be able to drink. Yes, there will be people who abuse alcohol, but is that different for people over 21? Im old enough to vote, join the military, and pay bills, so I should be able to legally have a drink if I choose. Its just a way for the local governments to make money by fining us. Fejfar, V. (2018, November 10). Personal interview. I would expect someone in college, and underage, to feel this way and have the view that it should be legal. Its something that is already going on and alcohol is not illegal. Conclusion In conclusion, I believe that persons serving in the military should be allowed to legally drink, regardless of their location, with certain stipulations. The military issues identification cards to every member, and this could be presented in lieu of a drivers license. As part of core training, a course on responsible drinking and proper behavior befitting a soldier must be successfully completed. Many professions require continuing education, and this course should be taken yearly until the age of 21 is reached. This privilege should not be available when stationed in a combat zone or in hostile stations. I agree with my daughter wholly; guns and alcohol never mix. Punishments should be severe if the soldier abuses this right and laws are broken, or damage is caused. The code of ethics regarding drinking should be clear, as well of the consequences (Ghillyer, 2018 p.26). Consuming alcohol isnt an intrinsic right, it is a privilege. The military and its members are sometimes placed under immense pressure. They must be away from loved ones for extended periods of time, sometimes without the opportunity of contact for weeks. They also face the risks of severe injury, capture, and death. They must struggle with the moral dilemma of taking a life and deal with the psychological aftermath that comes with that action. Maybe our views on underage drinking are influenced by the Puritanical ethics brought here by our founders, or the ideas that brought about the Prohibition Act. I think ethics must continually evolve to keep pace with the changing times and world. They cannot always de defined in absolute terms of black and white, a shade of grey needs to be contemplated. If a soldier is properly trained and behaves within the confines of a strict code of ethics that exemplifies good personal values, then allowing them to drink shouldnt be an issue.